REQUIREMENTS OF REAL-TIME CONTROL
Real time embedded control processors are individual computing units which have been implemented into pieces of larger and far more complicated equipment such as vehicles of all sort (trucks, airplanes, boats, yachts etc.), then other computer peripherals, audio systems and military equipment and weapons. The control processors are said to be embedded because they are […]
I²C AND SPI
Nowadays, at the low end of the transmission protocols, I²C (for ‘Inter-Integrated Circuit’, protocol) and SPI (for ‘Serial Peripheral Interface’) are to be found. Both protocols are well-suited for transmissions betwixt unified circuits, for slow transmission with onboard components. At the essence of these two popular protocols two major companies are found – Philips for […]
RS-232 AND RS-485 SERIAL COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS
The RS232/485 port consecutively sends and receives bytes filled with information one bit at a time. Although the serial method is somewhat slower than parallel communication, which allows the transmission of an entire byte at once, it is far simpler and can be employed over longer distances because power consumption is lower than that of […]
ABOUT I²C
I²C is a multi-master protocol that uses two signal lines. The two I²C signals are named ‘serial data’ (SDA) and ‘serial clock’ (SCL). There is no need of chip select (servant select) or compromise logic. Basically, any number of servants and any number of masters can be united onto these two signal lines and correspond […]
I²C VS SPI – COMPARISON
Bus topology / routing / resources I²C needs two lines, while SPI officially defines at least four signals or more if more servants are added. Some informal SPI alternatives only need three wires, that is an SCLK, SS and a bi-directional MISO/MOSI line. Nevertheless, this exercise would require one SS line per servant. SPI lacks […]
HOW TO KEEP MULTI-CLOUD COMPLEXITY UNDER CONTROL
Using multiple cloud providers provides needed flexibility, but it also multiplies the work and risk of getting out of sync“Multicloud” means that you use multiple public cloud providers, such as Google and Amazon Web Services, AWS and Microsoft, or all three—you get the idea. Although this seems to provide the best flexibility, there are trade-offs […]
I²C (INTER-INTEGRATED CIRCUIT)
I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit), pronounced I-squared-C or I-two-C, is a multi-master, multi-slave, packet-switched, single-ended, serial computer bus invented by Philips Semiconductor (now NXP Semiconductors). It is typically used for attaching lower-speed peripheral ICs to processors and microcontrollers in short-distance, intra-board communication. Alternatively, I²C is spelled I2C (pronounced I-two-C) or IIC (pronounced I-I-C). Since October 10, 2006, […]
WHAT IS RS422?
RS-422, also known as TIA/EIA-422, is a technical standard originated by the Electronic Industries Alliance that specifies electrical characteristics of a digital signaling circuit. Differential signaling can transmit data at rates as high as 10 Mbit/s, or may be sent on cables as long as 1500 meters. Some systems directly interconnect using RS-422 signals, or […]
APPLICATIONS OF RS-485
RS-485 signals are used in a wide range of computer and automation systems. In a computer system, SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 may use this specification to implement the physical layer for data transmission between a controller and a disk drive. RS-485 is used for low-speed data communications in commercial aircraft cabins’ vehicle bus. It requires minimal […]
SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS – RS-485
RS-485, also known as TIA-485(-A), EIA-485, is a standard defining the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in serial communications systems. Electrical signaling is balanced, and multipoint systems are supported. The standard is jointly published by the Telecommunications Industry Association and Electronic Industries Alliance (TIA/EIA). Digital communications networks implementing the standard can be […]
